[TOC]
前言
《项目实战》系列为《linux实战教学笔记》第二阶段内容的同步教学配套实战练习，每个项目循序衔接最终将组成《Linux实战教学笔记》第二阶段核心教学目标10台规模的基础核心服务架构集群。本文上接http://www.cnblogs.com/chensiqiqi/p/6556509.html 项目实战二
本文转自
【SSH项目实战三】脚本密钥的批量分发与执行 - 陈思齐 - 博客园
http://www.cnblogs.com/chensiqiqi/p/6554055.html【企业案例】
公司来了8台新服务器，计划组成一个小规模集群架构；其中有一台服务器作为批量管理服务器使用，其余7台则是业务架构所需。现在先由你来负责服务器的前期配置工作，
现要求如下：
- [x] 从管理服务器ssh连接到其他任何服务器时进行免密码的密钥认证，要求进行批量分发。（脚本实现批量分发）
- [x] 由于没有DNS解析服务器，所以各个服务器需要进行hosts的服务器地址解析，因此，需要进行/etc/hosts文件的批量分发（ansible实现文件批量分发）
- [x] 新服务器初期需要做简单的优化（服务器优化脚本）和yum仓库的搭建（epel.repo源）。（ansible实现脚本的批量分发和批量执行）
环境准备
操作系统
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
内核版本
[root@m01 ~]# uname -r2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
主机网络参数设置：
| 主机名 | 网卡eth0 | 网卡eth1 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|
| lb01 | 10.0.0.5/24 | 172.16.1.5/24 | A1-nginx负载均衡服务器01 |
| lb02 | 10.0.0.6/24 | 172.16.1.6/24 | A2-nginx负载均衡服务器02 |
| web02 | 10.0.0.7/24 | 172.16.1.7/24 | B1-apache web服务器 |
| web01 | 10.0.0.8/24 | 172.16.1.8/24 | B2-nginx web服务器 |
| db01 | 10.0.0.51/24 | 172.16.1.51/24 | C3-mysql数据库服务器 |
| nfs01 | 10.0.0.31/24 | 172.16.1.31/24 | C1-NFS存储服务器 |
| backup | 10.0.0.41/24 | 172.16.1.41/24 | C2-rsync存储服务器 |
| m01 | 10.0.0.61/24 | 172.16.1.61/24 | X-管理服务器 |
一，开始部署ssh密钥的批量分发
第一步：开始安装sshpass免交互工具并进行SSH-key的批量分发
下载epel源并更新yum仓库
[root@m01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo[root@m01 ~]# yum -y clean all[root@m01 ~]# yum makecache
安装sshpass工具
[root@m01 ~]# yum -y install sshpass
第二步：创建密钥对文件
免交互创建密钥对
[root@m01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa -P ""Generating public/private dsa key pair.Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:4d:01:91:98:be:02:89:ab:ce:63:4f:81:e3:ab:0b:f8 root@m01The key's randomart image is:+--[ DSA 1024]----+| oo+. || o . . || . . . . ||. + . o || + o .S . ||+ . o . ||+. . . ||++o ||*=E. |+-----------------+[root@m01 ~]# ls ~/.ssh/authorized_keys id_dsa id_dsa.pub known_hosts命令说明：ssh-keygen:生成密钥对命令-t：指定密钥对的密码加密类型（rsa，dsa两种）-f：指定密钥对文件的生成路径包含文件名-P（大写）：指定密钥对的密码
第三步：免交户方式分发公钥
[root@m01 ~]# sshpass -p "ssh登录密码" ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@172.16.1.31"Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@172.16.1.31'", and check in: .ssh/authorized_keysto make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.[root@m01 ~]# 命令说明：sshpass：专为ssh连接服务的免交户工具-p ：指定登录的密码ssh-copy-id：自动分发公钥的工具-i：指定公钥路径-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no :不进行对方主机信息的写入（第一次ssh连接会在know_hosts文件里记录）
第四步：测试ssh密钥认证情况
[root@m01 ~]# ssh root@172.16.1.31 #测试成功，免密码ssh连接Last login: Tue Mar 14 21:49:58 2017 from 172.16.1.1[root@nfs01 ~]#
第五步：编写ssh密钥对免交户批量分发脚本
#!/bin/bash# author:Mr.chen# 2017-3-14# description:SSH密钥批量分发User=rootpassWord=##Linux登录密码function YumBuild(){echo "正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后..."cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ &&\[ -d bak ] || mkdir bak[ `find ./*.* -type f | wc -l` -gt 0 ] && find ./*.* -type f | xargs -i mv {} bak/wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo &>/dev/nullyum -y clean all &>/dev/nullyum makecache &>/dev/null}echo "正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后..."ping www.baidu.com -c2 >/dev/null ||(echo "无法连同外网，本脚本运行环境必须和外网相连！" && exit)[ $# -eq 0 ] && echo "没有参数！格式为：sh $0 参数1...n" && exit rpm -q sshpass &>/dev/null || yum -y install sshpass &>/dev/nullif [ $? -gt 0 ];then YumBuild yum -y install sshpass &>/dev/null || (echo "sshpass build error！" && exit)fi[ -d ~/.ssh ] || mkdir ~/.ssh;chmod 700 ~/.sshecho "正在创建密钥对...."rm -rf ~/.ssh/id_dsa ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pubssh-keygen -t dsa -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa -P "" &>/dev/nullfor ip in $*do ping $ip -c1 &>/dev/null if [ $? -gt 0 ];then echo "$ip无法ping通请检查网络" continue fi sshpass -p "$passWord" ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no ${User}@$ip" &>/dev/null echo "$ip 密钥分发成功"done
特别提示：
脚本内容仅作思路开拓之用！想学好shell或者编程，光看是没用的；1，学（基础）2，看（思路）3，仿（写法）4，练（课外）切记....
第六步：脚本分发测试
[root@m01 yum.repos.d]# sh /server/scripts/ssh_key.sh 172.16.1.5 172.16.1.6 172.16.1.7 172.16.1.8 172.16.1.51 172.16.1.31 172.16.1.41 172.16.1.61正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在创建密钥对....172.16.1.5无法ping通请检查网络172.16.1.6无法ping通请检查网络172.16.1.7 密钥分发成功172.16.1.8 密钥分发成功172.16.1.51无法ping通请检查网络172.16.1.31 密钥分发成功172.16.1.41 密钥分发成功172.16.1.61 密钥分发成功备注：故意少开了3台，脚本测试成功。
二，开始部署ansible自动化工具并进行文件的批量分发
第一步：安装ansible工具
需要epel.repo源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repoyum -y install ansible
第二步：配置主机组
配置/etc/ansible/hosts文件
[root@m01 ~]# tail -8 /etc/ansible/hosts[chensiqi]172.16.1.31 172.16.1.41 172.16.1.51 172.16.1.5172.16.1.6172.16.1.7 172.16.1.8
由于已经配置过免密码的密钥认证了，所以/etc/ansible/hosts的主机映射文件只要加入被管理主机的IP地址就可以了。
第三步：进行ansible批量管理测试
[root@m01 ~]# ansible chensiqi -m command -a "w"172.16.1.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 08:47:40 up 12 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.01USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHATroot pts/0 m01 08:47 0.00s 0.27s 0.01s /bin/sh -c /usr172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 22:48:28 up 1 day, 3:37, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHATroot tty1 - Sat03 1:15m 0.15s 0.15s -bashroot pts/0 m01 22:48 1.00s 0.33s 0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr172.16.1.51 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 08:47:41 up 13 min, 1 user, load average: 0.08, 0.03, 0.05USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHATroot pts/0 m01 08:47 1.00s 0.29s 0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 10:27:47 up 15:47, 2 users, load average: 0.16, 0.05, 0.06USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHATroot tty1 - Mon20 20:56m 0.15s 0.15s -bashroot pts/0 m01 10:27 0.00s 0.26s 0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr172.16.1.5 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 08:47:41 up 12 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.03USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHATroot pts/0 m01 08:47 0.00s 0.20s 0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 21:03:00 up 10:03, 2 users, load average: 0.05, 0.05, 0.05USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHATroot tty1 - 11:00 2:03m 0.14s 0.14s -bashroot pts/0 m01 21:02 1.00s 0.18s 0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 10:27:48 up 14:31, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHATroot tty1 - Sat09 20:03m 0.10s 0.10s -bashroot pts/0 m01 10:27 1.00s 0.16s 0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr
第四步，进行/etc/hosts文件的批量分发
[root@m01 ~]# ansible chensiqi -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc/hosts backup=yes" #backup=yes 如果目标存在文件，那么覆盖前是否备份目标文件172.16.1.51 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe", "dest": "/etc/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", "size": 294, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.45-249855699288208/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe", "dest": "/etc/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", "size": 294, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.26-6373581674916/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe", "dest": "/etc/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", "size": 294, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.37-90309519963188/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.5 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe", "dest": "/etc/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", "size": 294, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.91-218095487370821/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe", "dest": "/etc/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", "size": 294, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.92-48667872204035/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe", "dest": "/etc/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", "size": 294, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446566.37-188264096277764/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe", "dest": "/etc/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", "size": 294, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446566.39-64165112131501/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}
特别提示：
如果目标路径存在文件，并且目标文件和你想要copy的文件完全相同的话，也会导致ansilbe的copy功能失效三，编写服务器初期优化脚本（服务优化+自动安装epel源yum仓库），并用ansible进行脚本的批量分发和批量执行
第一步：编写服务器初期服务优化+epel源yum仓库搭建脚本
#!/bin/bash# author：Mr.chen# 2017-3-15# description:服务器初期优化脚本+epel源yum仓库搭建function ServerSystemOptimize(){echo "脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化...." && sleep 2/etc/init.d/iptables stop &>/dev/null && echo "防火墙已经关闭！" && sleep 1setenforce 0 &>/dev/null && echo "SElinux 已关闭！" || echo "SElinux未开启！"chkconfig iptables off && echo "防火墙已经取消开机启动！"&& sleep 1sed -i '7 s/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config && echo "SElinux已经取消开机启动！"&& sleep 1A=`awk '/id:/ {print NR,$0}' /etc/inittab | awk '{print $1}'`sed -i "$A s/5/3/g" /etc/inittab && echo "Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！" && sleep 1chkconfig --list | egrep -v "rsyslog|network|crond|sysstat|sshd" | awk '{print "chkconfig",$1,"off"}' | bash &>/dev/null && echo "脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！" && sleep 1 }function YumBuild(){echo "正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后..."cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ &&\[ -d bak ] || mkdir bak[ `find ./*.* -type f | wc -l` -gt 0 ] && find ./*.* -type f | xargs -i mv {} bak/wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo &>/dev/nullyum -y clean all &>/dev/nullyum makecache &>/dev/null}echo "脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后..."ping www.baidu.com -c2 &>/dev/null ||(echo "无法连同外网，或者DNS解析有问题，本脚本运行环境必须和外网相连！" && exit)YumBuildServerSystemOptimize
第二步：本地测试脚本功能
[root@m01 ~]# sh /server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh 脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************防火墙已经关闭！SElinux 已关闭！防火墙已经取消开机启动！SElinux已经取消开机启动！Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！
第三步：用ansible进行脚本批量分发
[root@m01 ~]# ansible chensiqi -m copy -a "src=/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh dest=/server/scripts/ backup=yes"172.16.1.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e", "dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "efeaffe8266992c190c1055241458259", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", "size": 1600, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489449184.22-105813674245985/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.5 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e", "dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "efeaffe8266992c190c1055241458259", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", "size": 1600, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489449184.22-102726815232979/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.51 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e", "dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "efeaffe8266992c190c1055241458259", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", "size": 1600, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489449184.26-180721242166387/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e", "dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "path": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", "size": 1600, "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e", "dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "path": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", "size": 1600, "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e", "dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "path": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", "size": 1600, "state": "file", "uid": 0}172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e", "dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "path": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", "size": 1600, "state": "file", "uid": 0}
第四步：用ansible批量执行脚本
[root@m01 ~]# ansible chensiqi -m shell -a "sh /server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh"172.16.1.5 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************防火墙已经关闭！SElinux 已关闭！防火墙已经取消开机启动！SElinux已经取消开机启动！Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！172.16.1.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************防火墙已经关闭！SElinux 已关闭！防火墙已经取消开机启动！SElinux已经取消开机启动！Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************防火墙已经关闭！SElinux 已关闭！防火墙已经取消开机启动！SElinux已经取消开机启动！Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************防火墙已经关闭！SElinux 已关闭！防火墙已经取消开机启动！SElinux已经取消开机启动！Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！172.16.1.51 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************防火墙已经关闭！SElinux 已关闭！防火墙已经取消开机启动！SElinux已经取消开机启动！Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************防火墙已经关闭！SElinux 已关闭！防火墙已经取消开机启动！SElinux已经取消开机启动！Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************防火墙已经关闭！SElinux 已关闭！防火墙已经取消开机启动！SElinux已经取消开机启动！Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！